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| AAF - Average Annual Flow ABJV - Antah Biawater Joint Venture Sdn. Bhd. ABM - Australian Bureau of Meteorology ACD - Admiralty Chart Datum ACES - Automated Coastal engineering Syatem ACLs - Alternate Concentration Limits ACT - Australian Capital Territory ASMA - Alam Sekitar Malaysia | ADB - Asian Development Bank AF - Acre-Feet (or Acre-Foot) AFY - Acre-Feet per Year AOGCM - Atmospheric Ocean General Circulation Models ARI - Average Recurrence Interval ASEAN - Association of South East Asian Nations ASMA - Alam Sekitar Malaysia Sdn. Bhd., a privatised environment ATF - Aviation Turbine Fuel
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| B&P - Binnie & Partners BAU - Business-As-Usual BCM/yr - Billion Cubic Metres/year BMP - Best Management Practise BMRC - Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre | BOD - (=BOD5) 5 - Day Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD - Biological Oxygen Demand BP - Blok perancangan BPK - Blok perancangan kecil |
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| C&IWU - Commercial & Industrial Water Use CAPEX - Capital Ependiture CBA - Benefit-Cost Analysis CCC - Cnadian Climate Centre CCCEQ - Canadian Climate Centre Equilibrium Experiment CCM - Comunity Climate Model CED - Coastal Engineering Division CETC - Coastal Engineering Technical Center CETDEM - Centre for Environment, Technology and Development, Malaysia CF4 - Perfluoromethane CFC - Chlorofluorocarbon CLICOM - Climate Computing Software | cm - Centimetre CO2 - Carbon Dioxide COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand COP - Conference of Parties of UNFCCC CORPRI - Corporation/Privatisation Model of Water Sector Reform CPI - Consumer Price Index CSA - Corporate Services Agencies CSIRO - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation CSIRO - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CVI - Coastal Vulnerability Index CFCs - Chloroflourocarbons CH4 - Methane |
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| DBKL - Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur (Kuala Lumpur City Hall) DEB - Dasar Ekonomi Baru DEM - Digital Elevation Map DHI - Danish Hydraulic Institute DID - Department of Irrigation and Drainage DNA - Dr Nik & Associates DO - Dissolved Oxygen (water chemistry) DOE - Department of Environment
| DOS - Department of Statistics DPN - Dasar Pembangunan Nasional DRT - Draf Rancangan Tempatan DTCP - Department of Town and Country Planning DWL - Design Water Level DWNP - Department of Wildlife and National Parks DWU - Domestic Water Use |
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| EC - European Community ECBA - Extended Cost-Benefit Analysis ECMAM3TR - Climate Model Of the Max-Plank Institute EE&EC - Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation EFF - Efficiency-oriented EIA - Environment Impact Assessment EIA - Penilaian Alam Sekitar EW - Engineering Works
| EIRR - Economic Internal Rate of Return ENSEARCH - Environmental Research and Management Association of Malaysia ENSO - El Nino Southern Oscillation ENSO - El Nino-Southern Oscillation EPU - Economic Plan Unit EPU - Economic Planning Unit of the Prime Minister’s Department EQA - Enviromental Quality Act
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| FAO - Food and Agricultural Organization FELCRA - Federal Land Consolidation and Rehabilation Authority FELCRA - Lembaga Penyatuan dan Pemulihan Tanah Persekutuan FELDA - Federal Land Development Authority FELDA - Lembaga Kemajuan Tanah Persekutuan FFA - Flood Frequency Analysis FFWS - Flood Forecasting and Warning System FIRR - Financial Internal Rate of Return
| FMM - Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers FMP - Flood Mitigation Project FMU - Forest Management Unit FRIM - Forest Research Institute Malaysia FRIM - Forest Research Institute of Malaysia FSL - Full Supply Level FTDKVPD - Federal Territory Development and Klang Valley Planning Division |
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| g - Gramme GAME - GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment GCM - Global Climate Model GCOS - Global Climate Observation System GCTE - Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems GDP - Gross Domestic Product GEF - Global Environmental Facility GENISIS - Global Environmental and Ecological Simulation of Interactive System GEWEX - Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment GFDL - Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Gg - Giga grammeGHG - Greenhouse Gas | GIS - Geographical Information System GIS - Sistem Maklumat Geografi GISS - Goddard Institute of Space Science Gj - Gigajoules GNP - Gross National Product GSD - Geological Survey Department GSM - Geological Survey Malaysia GWh - Gigawatt Hours GWP - Global Warming Potential GWP - Global Water Partnership |
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| H2O - Water Vapour Ha - Hectare HADCM2 - Hadley Centre Climate Model HAT - Highest Astronomical Tides HCFC - Hydrochlorofluorocarbon HCFC - Hydrochlorofluorocarbons HD - Hydrodynamic
| HDPE - High density polyethylene HFC - hydrofluorocarbon HP - Hydrological Procedure HSK - Hutan Simpan Kekal HV - High Voltage HYRROM - Rainfall-runoff Modelling |
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| IADP - Integrated Agricultural Development Project IBRD - International Bank for Reconstruction & Development ICT - Teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi / ‘nformation and communication technology’ ICU - Implementation Coordination Unit ICZM - Integrated Coastal Zone Management IEEIP - Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement Project IGBP - International Geosphere - Biosphere Programme IGBP - International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme IKA - Indeks kualiti air IKS - Industri kecil sederhana IKS - Pembangunan Industri Kecil dan Sederhana IKU - Indeks kualiti udara IMP2 - Second Industrial Master Plan IMR - Institute for Medical Research, Malaysia IMS –GT - Kerjasama Pertumbuhan Segitiga IMS-GT - Kerjasama Pertumbuhan Segitiga INMWQS - Interim National Marine Water Quality StandardIPC - Integrated Pollution Control | IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPTA - Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi Awam IPTS - Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi Swasta IPTS - Institut Pendidikan Tinggi Swasta IPU - Indeks Pencemar Udara IRBM - Integrated River Basin Management IS92 - IPCC Climate Scenarios 1992 ISIS - Institute of Strategic and International Studies ISMP - Integrated Shoreline Management Plan ISQ - Improved Status-Quo IT - Information technology / Teknologi Maklumat ITCZ - Inter Tropical Convergence Zone ITTO - International Tropical Timber and Organisation IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources IUFRO - International Union Forestry Research Organisation IWRM - Integrated Water Resources Management |
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| JAS - Jabatan Alam Sekitar JBA - Jabatan Bekalan Air JBAJ - Jabatan Bekalan Air Johor JE - Japanese Encephalitis JICA - Japan International Cooperation Agency JICA - Japanese International Cooperation Agency JKR - Jabatan Kerja Raya JMG - Jabatan Mineral dan Geosain JPBD - Jabatan Perancang Bandar Dan Desa
| JPBD - Jabatan Perancangan Bandar Dan Desa JPN - Jawatankuasa Perancang Negeri JPP - Jabatan Parit Pembetungan JPS - Jabatan Parit Dan Saliran JPS - Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran JPZ - Jurutera Perunding Zaaba Sdn. Bhd JSEDC - Johor State Economic Development Corporation JUPEM - Jabatan Ukur dan Pemetaan Malaysia |
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| KADA - Kemubu Agricultural Development Authority KDDK - Keluaran Dalam Daerah Kasar KDDK - Keluaran Dalam Dearah Kasar KDNK - Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar KEJORA - Lembaga Kemajuan Johor Tenggara kg - Kilogramme Kg. - Kampung (village) Kg. - Kampung KKLW - Kementerian Kemajuan Luar Bandar dan Wilayah KLIA - Kuala Lumpur International Airportkm - Kilometre | KPPT - kadar Pertumbuhan Purata Tahunan KPPT - Kadar Pertumbuhan Purata Tumbuhan KRBFMP - Klang River Basin Flood Mitigation Project KRBIFMP - Klang River Basin Integrated Flood Mitigation Project KRM - Koridor Raya Multimedia KSAS - Kawalan Sensitif Alam Sekitar ktoe - Kilo Tonnes of Oil Equivalent KUKTEM - Kolej Kejuruteraan dan Teknologi Malaysia KWh - Kilowatt Hours km2 - Square kilometre
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| l/c/d - Litres/capita/day l/ha/day - Litres/hectare/day l/s/km2 - Litres/second/square kilometre LAM - Lembaga Air Melaka LAP - Lembaga Air Perak LEI - Lake Evaluation Index LEO - Littoral Environmental Observation LGM - Lembaga Getah Malaysia (Malaysia Rubber Board) LGM - Lembaga Getah MalaysiaLKIM - Lembaga Kemajuan Ikan Malaysia | LKPP - Lembaga Kemajuan Pertanian Pahang LKW - Lembaga Kemajuan Wilayah LLNL - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LOICZ - Land Ocean Interaction in Coastal Zone LPG - Penyaluran Gas Asli Cecair LPPM - Lembaga Penggalak Pelancongan Malaysia LPT - Lebuh Raya Pantai Timur LRT - Light Rail Transit LSD - Land Survey Datum |
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| m - Meter m - Metre m3 - Cubic metre m3/s - Cubic metres/second MACE - Micro Computer Applications for Cooperation Agency MADA - Muda Agricultural Development Authority MAF - Mean Annual Flood MAM - Mean Annual Minimum Flow MARDI - Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute MC&I - Malaysian Criteria and Indicator MCCG - Malaysian Climate Change Group MCL - Maximum Contaminant Level (water quality standards) MCM/yr - Million Cubic Metre/year MDKL - Majlis Daerah Kuala Langat MDP - Majlis Daerah Pekan MDSC - Murray Darling Basin Commission MEC - Malaysia Energy Centre MECCA - Model Evaluation Consortium for Climate Assessment MECM - Ministry of Energy, Communications and Multimedia,MEDIS - Malaysia Energy Database and Information System Mgd - Million Gallons per Day MHHW - Mean High High Water MHWS - Mean High Water Spring | MI - Million Litres MIDA - Malaysian Industrial Development Authority MIS - Management Information System ML - Megalitre mld - Megalitres per day Mld - Million Litres per Day MLLW - Mean Low Low Water MMCEG - Malaysian Mining Cooperation Engineering Group MMS - Malaysian Meteorological Service MMS - Malaysian Meteorological Services MOA - Minitry of Agricultural MOH - Ministry of Health MOL - Minimum Operating Level MOSTE - Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, MPI - Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology MPS - Majlis Perbandaran Selayang MRI - Meteorological Research Institute of Japan MSC - Multimedia Super Corridor MSDM - Meteorological Services Department Malaysia MSL - Maen Sea Level MSL - Mean Sea Level MVAS - Manufacturing Value-Added Activities MW - Megawatt |
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| N2O - Nitrous Oxide N2O - Nitrus Oxide NAHRIM - National Hydraulic Research Institute Malaysia NAP - New Agricultural Policy NC - National Communication NCAR - National Centerfor Atmospheric Research NCECC - National Coastal Erosion Control Council NCES - National Coastal Erosion Study NCSRD - National Council of Scientific Research & Development NDC - Newly Developed Countries NEAC - National Economic Action Council NEP - New Economic Policy | NERP - National Economic Recovery Plan NGO - Non-Governmental Organisation NOx - Nitrogen Oxide (Air Quality) NPFDB - National Population and Family Development Board NPP - New Population Policy NPV - Net Present Value NRW - Non-Revenue Water NST - Non-Cohesive Sediment Transport NWRC - National Water Resources Council NWRD - National Water Resources Department NWRPDA - National Water Resources Planning and Development Act NWRS - National Water Resources Study |
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| OC - Darjah Celcius OD - Ordnance Datun (=Mean Sea Level at Port Klang) OECD - Organisation for Economic Corporation and Development OPEX - Operating Expenditure | OPP1 - First Outline Perspective Plan 1971-1990 OPP2 - Second Outline Perpsective Plan 1991-2000 OSU - Oregon State University |
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| PAM - Perbadanan Air Melaka PBPT - Pihak berkuasa perancang tempatan PBT - Pihak berkuasa tempatan PCV - Prescribed Concentration or Value (water quality standards) PDKL - Pejabat Daerah Kuala Langat PEKT - Projek Ekonomi Kampung Terbimbing PET - Potential Evapotranspiration PETRONAS - Petroleum National PETRONAS - Petroliam Nasional Berhad (National Oil Corporation) PFA - Pig Farming Area PFE - Permanent Forest Estate PFR - Permanent Forest Reserves PGK - Pendapatan Garis Panduan PGU - Peninsular Gas Utilization pH - Kadar keasidan dan kealkalian PIW - Paya Indah Wetland PKED - Pusat Kemajuan Ekonomi Desa PKM - Perkhidmatan Kajicuaca Malaysia PKPKR - Program Khas Perumahan Kos Rendah PM10 - Particulate Matter of size less than 10 microns | PMEM - Project Management, Evaluation and Monitoring PMF - Probable Maximum Flood PMP - Probable Maximum Precipitation PNSB - Permodalan Negeri Selangor Berhad PPAM - Persatuan Pencinta Alam Malaysia ppb - Parts per billion PPD - Pusat Pertumbuhan Desa PPI - Producer Price Index PPK - Pusat Perkidmatan Kecil ppm - Parts per million PPP - Purchasing Power Parity ppt - Parts per trillion PPTA - Project Preparation Technical Assistance PRF - Permanent Reserved Forest PSA - Private Services Agencies PSK - Program Pengumpulan Semula Kampung PUB - Public Utilities Board, Singapore PVC - Polyvinyl Chloride PWD - Public Works Department |
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| RB - Ranhill Bersekutu Sdn Bhd RBIS - River Basin Information System RBMU - River Basin Management Unit RCS - Remote Control System RFN - Rancangan Fizikal Negara RIC - Reduce Import Logging RISDA - Rubber Industry Small Holders Development Authority RM - Malaysian Ringgit RM - Ringgit Malaysia (Malaysian Ringgit) | RMK 7 - Rancangan Malaysia ke 7 RMKe-8 - Rancangan Malaysia Ke-8 ROW - Right of Way RRJP2 - Rangka Rancangan Jangka panjang ke 2 RRJP3 - Rangka Rancangan Jangka Panjang ke 3 RSKL - Rancangan Struktur Kuala Langat RSN - Rancangan Struktur Negeri Pahang RSN - Rancangan struktur negeri RT - Rancangan tempatan |
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| SARCS - Southeast Asian Regional Committee for START SAWARI - Satu Wilayah Satu Industri SCENGEN - Software of the Climate Research Unit of the University of East Anglia to generate Climate Scenario Sdn Bhd - Sendirian Berhad SEDCs - State Economic Development Corporations SEPU - State Economic Planning Unit SFM - Sustainable Forest Management Sg - Sungai SIRIM - Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia SLR - Sea Level Rise sm - Sentimeter SMEC - Snowy Mountains Engineering CorporationSMHB - SMHB Sdn. Bhd | SMS - Selective Management System
SPI - Sustainable Penang InitiativeSSL - Self-Sufficiency Level SST - Sea Surface Temparature ST - Sediment Transport START - Global Change System for Analysis, Research and Training START - System for Analysis, Research and Training STP - Sewerage Treatment Plant SWMA - Selangor Water Management Authority SWRB - State Water Resources Board SWRC - State Water Resources Council SWRD - State Water Resources Department SWRDC - State Water Resources Development Committee SWRTC - State Water Resources Technical Committee |
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| TDS - Total Dissolved Sediment Tg - Tanjung THM - Trihalomethane (water chemistry) TKAN - Total Kjeldhal Ammoniacal Nitrogen TNB - Tenaga Nasional Berhad TNRD - Tenaga Nasional Research and Development Sdn. Bhd. TOC - Total Organic Carbon (water chemistry) TOF - Time of Forecast TOL - Temporary Occupation License
| tonnes/ha - Metric ton per Hectare TOR - Terms of Reference TP - Total Phosphorus TRUST - Skim Transformasi Usahawan Sektor Ternakan TSI - Trophic State Index TSS - Total Suspended Sediment TTHMs - Total Trihalomethanes TTM - Taman Teknologi Malaysia TWL - Top Water Level |
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| UICW - Unit Industrial Water Demand UKM - Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (National University of UKMO - United Kingdom Meteorological Office UM - Universiti Malaya (University of Malaya) UNCED - United Nations Conference on Environment and Development UNDP - United Nations Development Programme UNEP - United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
| UNFCCC - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNIDO - United Nations Industrial Development Organization UPEN - Unit Perancang Ekonomi Negeri UPM - Universiti Putra Malaysia USBR - United State Bureau for Reclamation USEPA - United States Environmental Protection Agency USM - Universiti Sains Malaysia (University of Science, Malaysia) |
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| WCP - World Climate Programme WEPA - Water Environment Partnership in Asia WHO - World Health Organisation WHO - World Health Organization WMO - World Meteorological Organisation
| WOTRO - The Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical WQ - Water Quality WQI - Water Quality Index WTE - Waste to Energy |
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| ZIA - Zon Industri Akuakultur |
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| 1 k Tonne - 1 Gg 1 M Tonne - 103 Gg 1 Tonne - 103 kg 5MP - Fifth Malaysia Plan 1986-1990 | 6MP - Sixth Malaysia Plan 1991-1995 7MP - Seventh Malaysia Plan 1996-2000 8MP - Eight Malaysia Plan 2001-2005 |
